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Advances in AGRONOMY Vol.24
Two pressing human problems continue to receive prominent attention by soil and crop scientists: The mounting concern for the quality of our environment and the need to provide food for an ever-expanding world population. Most of the papers contained in this volume address themselves directly or indirectly to these two problems.
Some man-made chemicals, such as pesticides and fertilizers, have helped revolutionize commercial agriculture. Other such chemicals, used sparingly in agriculture, find their way into human and animal foods and thus affect, at least indirectly, the agricultural supply system. In any case, the introduction of these chemicals into our environment has had consider- able ecological consequences. Where these consequences are bad they pose a threat to the continued use of man-made chemicals. Where they are good they encourage further exploration in attempts to improve production and marketing efficiency. Soil and crop scientists are helping to identify such consequences and, just as importantly, they are seeking means of avoiding them.
Three papers in the volume are concerned directly or indirectly with chemicals. One, addressed to the behavior of pesticides in plants, comple- ments a soil-related article in the same subject area. The second paper reviews attempts to increase host resistance to insects and also suggests an important method of biological control as a means of reducing the need for chemical pesticides. In the third paper, we are further alerted to the poten- tial dangers of adding to soils-intentionally or otherwise-toxic metals which are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in our environment.
The article on the chemistry of submerged soils and the review on rice nutrition in Volume 23 remind us that rice is the major food staple for most of the people living in tropical and semitropical areas, where popu- lation pressures are greatest. The other four articles address themselves to critical aspects of soil or crop science, each having a bearing on crop pro- duction. Factors affecting the availability of essential elements from the soil and genetic and physiological factors affecting plant growth and devel- opment are covered. In each case, the authors have critically analyzed our current state of knowledge in their respective subject areas.
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