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Technique Of Organic Chemistry Vol. V

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It is the objective of this book to deseribe and explain, by diseussion of
prineiples, the various methods by which adsorption may be utilized in
organie chemistry as a tool for the separation of mixtures. In the appli-
cation of this tool the mixture is distributed between a bulk phase and the
surface of a second phase, and the phases are chosen to yield, after separ-
ation, new systems enriched in one or more of the components of the ori-
ginal mixture.
To meet the purpose of this book it seemed necessary not only to describe
the various ways in which adsorption may be used, but also to explain the
nature of adsorption and of the phenomena associated with it (Chapters
I and II). Other separation methods such as crystallization, distillation,
extraction, and sublimation have been used more than adsorption chiefly
because they are more thoroughly and widely understood and taught, and
because the data necessary for their use-solubilities, melting points, boil-
ing points, etc.- are more accessible or more easily estimated from chem-
ical knowledge . There is, however, a great deal of information in the liter-
ature which can perform the same function with respect to adsorption and
adsorbability. Some of it has been gathered, and limited generalizations
have been drawn from it, in Chapters III, IV, and V, so that the chemist,
operating from this material directly or by analogy, may be aided in solving
problems of separation. Chapter VI, on the nature of separation processes,
is significant in a slightly different sense: whereas Chapters III, IV, and V
aid the experimenter in solving adsorption-separation problems by a con-
sideration of the chemical and physical properties of phases, interfaces, and
adsorptives, Chapter VI shows analogies with other separation processes.
The next four chapters describe and explain the various types of adsorp-
tion methods. The last chapter gives a few simple experiments by means
of which the reader may familiarize himself ith various techniques.
There are also a few brief comments on the solution of problems. In this
last group of chapters an effort has been made to deal with chromatog-
raphy, ion exchange-adsorption, partition chromatography, etc. at the
level of principle. The types of manipulations and the principles involved
are explained as clearly as possible but, with the exception of the last chapter, no detailed procedures for specific separations are given. Ob-
viously, the more detailed the direction the more restricted its use, and
collections and excellent reviews of procedures and of specific applications
of adsorption methods are available in the literature to which reference
has been made. Ample space, however, has been given to the discussion
of adsorbents and to compilations of their properties and sources.
Emphasis on the needs of the organie chemist has limited the discussion
almost entirely to the properties and uses of liquid-vapor, liquid-liquid,
and liquid-solid interfaces, but references to the literature on gas-solid or
vapor-solid and other interfaces are given in Chapters I and II. Little
discussion has been devoted to surface active agents, wetting and deter-
geney, industrial applications of adsorption, or its historical aspects and
biochemical implications, although references to the literature have been
given where possible. The measurement of adsorption and of other prop-
erties at certain interfaces has been treated in Volume I of this series.
In his Annotated Bibliography of Solid A dsorbents, which covers the litera-
ture up to 1942, Deitz has listed some six thousand references. This repre-
sents only part of the literature in the much larger field of adsorption, and
only someone who has attempted to read this literature can realize what
an appalling task it would be to cover it completely. I have had to com-
promise and to look for what seemed to me to be important work and ideas.
With the aims and limitations mentioned above I have, nevertheless, tried
to cover a wide variety of phenomena and to show their connections with
adsorption. If I have overlooked work which should have been included
I should appreciate hearing from readers of any such omissions, and I should
likewise be most grateful for any other criticism and suggestions.
In certain of the chapters I have listed sources of materials and apparatus.
The mention of special instruments or materials throughout this book does
not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by me over others of a
similar nature not mentioned. The listing is as complete as I could make
it in this rapidly developing field.
I received my first introduction to adsorption and chromatography in
the laboratories of Professor Harry N. Holmes, at Oberlin College, and I
record here my debt to this inspiring teacher. Others have improved this
book by criticism and suggestions. I express my thanks to Professor
Henry C. Thacher, Jr., Dr. W. J. Knox, Jr., and the editor, Dr. Arnold
Weissberger, who read the entire manuscript and made many valuable
comments. Slections and chapters have gained in clarity and comprehen-
siveness thanks to Dr. E. M. Crane, Dr. P. H. Emmett, Dr.A.H.Frye,
Mr. R. G. Haldeman, Mr. H. K. Inskip, Mrs. L. W. Inskip, Mr. G. N.
Kowkabany, Dr. H. C. Thomas, Mr. V. Verplanck, and Mr. R. C. Zabor.
Chapter VI has been taken in large part from an article in the Journal
of Chemical Education, May, 1950, with the kind permission of the editor,
Dr. N. W. Rakestraw. Other parts of this book have been used in a gradu-
ate course in methods which I have taught since 1942 I have been mate-
rially aided by the facilities of the Yale University Libraries and of
Berkeley College. I am indebted to Professor Samuel B. Hemingway for
the latter . The library facilities of the Marine Biological Laboratory at
Woods Hole were graciously placed at my disposal by Dr. Charles
Packard. Finally, I acknowledge with pleasure the patient assistance
rendered by the editor and publishers of this series. Other contributions,
elsewhere acknowledged, have played important roles during the prepara-
tion of this book.

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547 TEC t

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Call Number

547 TEC t

Publisher

New York/London : Interscience Publishers Inc.., 1951

Collation

xix, 360 hal.: ill; 23 cm

Language

English

ISBN/ISSN

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Classification

547

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Carrier Type

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Edition

V

Subject(s)

Technology

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